Identification and Mitigation of Shortcomings in Direct and Indirect Liquid Cooling-Based Battery Thermal Management System

Electric vehicles (EVs) have become a viable solution to the emerging global climate crisis. Rechargeable battery packs are basic unit of energy storage system these vehicles. The thermal management (BTMS) is primary control source EV performance governed by specific power, charging/discharging rate, energy, and cycle life packs. Nevertheless, parameters affected temperature, making most significant factor for pack in an EV. Although BTMS has acquired plenty attention, research on efficiency liquid cooling-based actual drive cycles been minimal. Liquid cooling, with appropriate configuration, can provide up 3500 times more efficient cooling than air cooling. Direct/immersive indirect main types systems. Immersive/direct utilizes technique direct contact between coolant surface, which could larger heat transfer across pack; however, such as leakage, efficiency, etc., needed be considered. Indirect techniques include cold plates, jackets, discrete tubes, etc. It result complex configuration or non-uniformity inside pack. paper intends contribute alleviation gaps studying various techniques, including different configurations, flow, nanoparticles, varying discharging rates, coolants, This provides comprehensive perspective employed packs, identifying shortcomings direct/immersive systems discussing their mitigation strategies.